• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 引用文献
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    • 专利摘要:
    Aluminum-manganese electrochemical cell. The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell characterized in that it comprises at least one positive electrode comprising manganese as a positive electrode material physically separated from at least one negative electrode comprising an aluminum alloy as a negative electrode material; and wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are electrically connected by a neutral ph electrolyte. Another object of the invention is the use of the electrochemical cell, preferably as a button cell in hearing aids. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2540171A1
    申请号:ES201530580
    申请日:2015-04-29
    公开日:2015-07-08
    发明作者:Paloma RODRÍGUEZ SOLER；Joaquín José CHACÓN GUADALIX；Enrique FATAS LAHOZ；Pilar OCÓN ESTEBAN；Mikel PINO MARTÍNEZ
    申请人:ALBUFERA ENERGY STORAGE S L；ALBUFERA ENERGY STORAGE SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OF ALUMINUM-MANGANESE Technical sector 5 The present invention relates to the field of storage and supply of electrical energy. More particularly, it refers to a new device or electrochemical cell based on aluminum and manganese. Background of the invention 10 Energy storage is a factor closely linked to the development of electrical systems within the framework of present and future cities. In this society of progress, the concept of smart city (Smart City) is consolidating itself as one of the basic elements of the innovation strategies of cities, being a priority for the European Union in its 2020 Horizon. The development of these new cities, where a large number of devices and sensors will collect and exchange signals from many variables, opens a need in the storage and power supply sector. Thus, there is a need to develop intelligent networks capable of improving energy storage, in order to achieve greater flexibility and stability of the network, thus favoring the quality of the electricity supply and its management. twenty Due to the high number of devices and sensors and their relocation in cities, the network supply is in many cases difficult to install and high cost. Therefore, in order to supply such devices, sources such as primary batteries and batteries are frequently used. The high cost of the batteries and the need for electric recharging favors the selection of the primary batteries, the only maintenance of which would be the replacement once exhausted. In this sense, the low consumption of the devices and sensors allows their autonomy to be very high, so that their replacement can be extended for long periods of time. The currently commercial primary electrochemical batteries such as alkaline batteries, Zn-air, primary lithium, etc., have certain limitations in terms of energy requirements, weight / volume or price. Therefore, there is a need to develop batteries with higher specific energies that allow to extend the maintenance periods of the devices and improve the weight and volume requirements. 35 In this research framework, metal-air batteries have been shown to have the potential to store more energy than lithium-ion batteries, which are used today in electric vehicles and some applications of the power grid. In a metal-air battery, metal (such as zinc, aluminum, lithium, etc.) reacts with the oxygen in the air to generate electricity. Depending on the materials used, metal-air batteries may also be less expensive than lead-acid batteries, which are the cheapest rechargeable batteries 5 and are used more frequently in photovoltaic or automotive generation applications. Although non-rechargeable metal-air batteries have been used commercially for a long time (their use is common in hearing aids, for example), they have the disadvantage of being difficult to recharge electrically. In this sense, to repeatedly recharge a metal-air battery, it is necessary to extract the oxygen and form the metal again. However, the structures that the metal tends to form after it have certain disadvantages that hinder the reversibility of the oxidation-reduction process reactions. fifteen On the other hand, creating a long-lasting air electrode (the point of interaction between the battery and the outside environment) is also difficult. The existing ones work very well for single-use batteries, but not for rechargeable batteries intended to last longer. In all cases, charging in aqueous electrolyte is not possible for various reasons, which makes it necessary to replace electrolytes with organic compounds or ionic liquids. However, there are numerous inventions related to this technology, based on lithium-air batteries, which has been shown to have four times more energy than the traditional lithium-ion, zinc-air or the recent aluminum-air. 25 For example, in WO2004082060 a high capacity air battery is described which comprises a structure for the storage of air suitable for retaining and transferring oxygen as an active material of the positive electrode and an electrolyte capable of absorbing moisture from the air comprising at least Aluminum chloride and 30 calcium chloride. As the active material of the negative electrode, aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used. In US2010285375 a metal-air electrochemical cell is described in which a low temperature ionic liquid is used as an electrolyte. US2009053594 describes an air battery comprising an air cathode with a porous carbon structure and containing an electrolyte of a non-aqueous organic solution comprising a lithium salt and alkylene carbonate as an additive. WO2011061728 describes air batteries comprising silicon as an anode, air as a cathode for dissociating oxygen and a non-aqueous electrolyte. 10 Finally, US2015093659 describes an electrochemical cell capable of generating and / or accumulating electrical energy comprising an aluminum electrode or an aluminum alloy and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a mixture of AlCl3 and a chlorinated cycle or heterocycle of a derivative of aliphatic nitrogen fifteen Within these technologies, the present invention falls within the aluminum-air batteries, aluminum being a very attractive material for the anode within the field of energy storage. This is because aluminum is a very accessible metal that also has, in comparison to other systems of the same family, a high gravimetric energy density (close to 3 Ah / g), comparable with that of lithium (3.86 Ah / g ). 20 In addition, its volumetric energy density (8.04 Ah / cm3) is four times higher than that of lithium and has a voltage per cell similar to that known from alkaline batteries, based on nickel electrodes. However, one of the drawbacks of this technology, and the reason why it is currently not commercial, is the self-corrosion of aluminum in alkaline electrolytes. As a result of this corrosion, active material (Al) is lost and hydrogen is released spontaneously. This leads to an uncontrolled loss of energy and, therefore, the life of the battery that is subject to this corrosion. 30 It is therefore an object of this invention to present a solution that allows the corrosion of electrochemical cells or cells to be inhibited without sacrificing other parameters thereof such as the potential difference or the specific high energy. Description of the invention Thus, a first object of the invention is an electrochemical cell characterized in that it comprises a positive electrode comprising manganese as a positive electrode material physically separated by a physical separator (which may preferably consist of a sheet composed of at least one polymeric plastic material 5 capable of supporting the internal saline environment of the cell) of a negative electrode comprising an aluminum alloy as a negative electrode material; and wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are electrically connected by an ion-conducting neutral pH electrolyte between both polarities (positive and negative). In this way the electrolyte, by bathing both electrodes, allows the passage of ions so that the electrochemical reaction takes place. Preferably, the electrochemical cell is also surrounded by an envelope that welcomes all the components of the cell inside. This envelope is constituted by elements or pieces, preferably metallic and / or plastic, 15 which serve to provide sufficient mechanical strength of the assembly, electrical connectivity with external loads (positive and negative poles) and corresponding joints between the various components. of the cell that ensure a correct closing of the system and an internal overpressure safety mechanism in case of short circuits or uncontrolled manipulations. twenty For the purposes of this patent, electrochemical cell is understood as an energy storage device, battery or primary battery, which is manufactured with materials that, during the discharge of the device connected to an external load, provide a stable and controlled electrical current until the exhaustion of the Initial chemical forms The format of the electrochemical cell object of the invention is not limiting, being able to be constituted in different physical formats among which, for example, the button cells, cylindrical batteries or prismatic batteries stand out. The positive pole of the battery is connected internally with the positive electrode which is preferably constituted by a substrate in the form of a sheet or grid, preferably of steel, which gives mechanical consistency and electronic conductivity to the electrode. Likewise, said positive electrode is preferably coated with a mixture of manganese oxide, which can be of the perovskite or spinel type, among others, in a percentage preferably from 20 to 80% by weight of the mixture, a carbonaceous material preferably of the graphite type or from nanomaterials such as tubes, fibers or graphenes in a preferred percentage of between 20 and 80% by weight of the mixture and at least one binder additive of the type polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or gum arabic, among others, to favor the plastic properties of the mixture 5 for handling in the manufacturing process, in a preferred percentage of between 1 and 20% by weight of the mixture. In turn, the negative pole of the battery is internally connected to the negative electrode which is preferably constituted by a substrate of an aluminum alloy 10 in the form of an ordered or unordered sheet or microfibers. The composition of the alloy will vary depending on the power or energy requirements of the electrochemical cell. Preferably, it will consist of a metal as an alloying element preferably selected from magnesium, zinc, tin or gallium, among others, in proportions preferably less than 5% by weight each. The action of these alloys will preferably be divided into two strategies: the first, to increase the potential of the cell, that is, to increase the oxidation potential of the alloy, for which, for example, Mg and Ga will be used; and the second, to inhibit the evolution of hydrogen due to the self-corrosion of aluminum, for which, for example, Zn and Sn will be used. The reaction at the anode will therefore be the oxidation of Aluminum: Al  Al3 + + 3e-. twenty Preferably, the negative electrode will be coated with a large porosity surface of graphene, carbon nanotubes or other carbonaceous compounds with porous structures that facilitate the reactivity of the aluminum surface by means of a surface cleaning mechanism of the compounds produced during The discharge of the 25 stack. The positive and negative electrodes of the battery may be of a sufficient number, size and weight to guarantee the necessary electrical capacity or charge of the electrochemical storage cell. 30 As for the connection electrolyte between the two electrodes, it will preferably consist of an aqueous solution of at least one salt of sodium chloride (preferably in a variable concentration between 0.5 and 4 M, depending on the application to which the electrochemical cell is directed) which in turn may comprise other additives such as zinc oxide, sodium fluoride or sodium citrate. These additives may consist of suitable additives to favor the efficiency of the discharge of the cell, activating the surface of the aluminum electrode, preventing the generation of hydrogen and / or increasing the durability of the cell components. Preferably, they may consist of zinc oxide, sodium fluoride or sodium citrate, in concentrations below 5% by weight of the solution for each of them. This electrolyte has a neutral pH and has sufficient conductivity for applications such as those using this type of device. 10 This new electrochemical cell, object of the invention, offers the advantage of being able to generate greater energy capacities, generally of more than 100% by volume and more than 200% by weight of the device. In general, it will be able to supply different devices or sensors with energy, its design (weight / volume) can be modulated in a wide range of scale depending on the needs. In this way, the claimed electrochemical cell can be used both to achieve high autonomies, as in applications of greater power and less discharge time. Among the most direct applications is, for example, its use as a button-type battery. These button-type batteries consist of low volume and weight accumulators and are intended for applications with low electrical requirements and space limitations. In this way, the batteries object of the present invention can directly compete with the currently commercial batteries based on Zn-air (used for example in hearing aids with autonomies of 4-5 days), improving their performance (in general, it is possible to increase autonomy for more than one week). 25 Likewise, the claimed electrochemical cells may be used intelligently integrated in the network, in power generation plants with renewable sources. Brief description of Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a diagram of a particular embodiment of the electrochemical cell 30 object of the invention where the following elements are represented: (1) Metal housing, which envelops and encapsulates all the elements of the battery; (2) Aluminum anode with a protective top layer of graphene or other carbonaceous material; (3) Physical separator (membrane); (4) Cathode consisting of a mixture of manganese oxide and carbonaceous material; and (5) Metal mesh that acts as a current collector, and on which the cathode is supported. Likewise, the battery will comprise a neutral electrolyte located inside the cell, flooding all the elements of the cell. Description of an embodiment of the invention A particular embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1 corresponding to a primary (non-electrically rechargeable) aluminum-manganese battery suitable for use in hearing aids. By its application, it is therefore a button-type battery. This means that the enclosure, preferably metallic, has a flat and circular shape. In the process of manufacturing the battery, the constituent elements 15 of the battery are first cut (as defined in "Brief description of Figure 1") they are cut into a disk with a maximum diameter of 10 mm and with very thin thicknesses, between 0.2-0.5 mm. Then, they are arranged consecutively as seen in the figure, as a sandwich, and are flooded by the electrolyte. twenty Finally, the housing is closed and pressed. Once the battery is mounted, about 1.5 V of voltage, it will be able to operate up to approximately 7 days, unlike the current ones that last at most 3-4 days, with a continuous discharge at a current of C120. 25
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    类似技术:
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    引用文献:
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